Tax comparison · Updated 2026-06-16

Countries With the Lowest Taxes for Expats & Retirees

Compare income tax, capital gains, and dividend tax rates across 196 countries. Filter by region, expat tax programs, and visa pathways to find your optimal tax home.

Moving investment income or savings across borders?Wise saves you up to 8x vs. bank exchange rates.

Of the 196 countries in this comparison, 40 charge 0% on capital gains, 49 have no dividend tax for resident individuals, and 41 offer special expat tax programs that reduce the effective tax rate for qualifying foreign residents.

Methodology & data sources

All rates shown are individual resident tax rates, not corporate rates. Withholding-only rates (non-resident) are excluded. Data sourced from Numbeo, government tax authorities, and cross-referenced scraper outputs. Last updated: 2026-06-16.

"None" means the rate is 0%. A dash means data is unavailable or not applicable.

Region

Income Tax

Capital Gains

CGT Type

Dividend Tax

Special expat programRetirement visaDN visa

Sort:

196 of 196 countries

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visa

São Tomé and Príncipe

Expat programRetire visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Expat programRetire visaDN visa

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Central African Republic

Country	Income Tax	Capital Gains	Dividend Tax	Expat Program	Retire Visa	DN Visa	Score
Vatican City	30.0%	30.0%As Income	30.0%	-	-	-	81
Taiwan	40.0%	None	28.0%	-	-	Yes	79
Oman	None	None	None	-	Yes	-	79
Japan	45.0%	20.3%Progressive	20.3%	-	-	Yes	78
Estonia	20.0%	20.0%Flat	None	-	-	Yes	77
San Marino	38.0%	5.0%Flat	5.0%	-	Yes	Yes	77
Netherlands	49.5%	36.0%Deemed	24.5%	Yes	-	Yes	77
Spain	47.0%	28.0%Flat	19.0%	Yes	Yes	Yes	77
Qatar	None	None	None	-	Yes	-	77
Finland	31.3%	34.0%Flat	25.5%	Yes	-	-	76
Lithuania	32.0%	15.0%Flat	None	-	-	Yes	76
Portugal	48.0%	28.0%Progressive	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	75
Slovenia	50.0%	25.0%Flat	25.0%	-	-	Yes	74
Croatia	35.0%	12.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	74
Austria	55.0%	27.5%Flat	-	Yes	Yes	-	74
Luxembourg	42.0%	42.0%Progressive	None	Yes	Yes	-	73
Denmark	52.7%	42.0%Flat	27.0%	Yes	-	-	72
Brunei	None	None	None	-	-	-	71
United Arab Emirates	None	None	None	-	Yes	Yes	71
South Korea	45.0%	45.0%Flat	45.0%	Yes	-	Yes	71
Mauritius	19.0%	None	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	71
China	45.0%	20.0%Flat	5.0%	Yes	-	-	70
Andorra	10.0%	10.0%Flat	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	70
Norway	22.0%	37.8%Flat	37.8%	-	-	Yes	70
Poland	32.0%	19.0%Flat	-	Yes	-	-	70
Latvia	31.0%	20.0%Flat	None	-	-	Yes	69
Slovakia	25.0%	19.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	69
Sweden	52.0%	30.0%Deemed	30.0%	Yes	-	-	69
Czechia	23.0%	15.0%Flat	None	-	-	Yes	69
India	30.0%	12.5%Flat	30.0%	-	-	-	68
Georgia	20.0%	5.0%Flat	None	Yes	-	Yes	68
Dominica	25.0%	None	25.0%	-	Yes	Yes	68
Malaysia	30.0%	None	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	68
New Zealand	39.0%	39.0%Flat	-	Yes	-	-	68
Thailand	35.0%	35.0%As Income	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	68
Germany	45.0%	25.0%Flat	25.0%	-	Yes	Yes	68
Tonga	25.0%	None	15.0%	-	-	-	68
Saint Kitts and Nevis	None	None	None	Yes	-	Yes	67
Australia	45.0%	45.0%Flat	None	-	Yes	-	67
Bulgaria	10.0%	10.0%Flat	None	-	Yes	Yes	67
Romania	10.0%	10.0%Flat	10.0%	Yes	-	Yes	67
Turkey	40.0%	40.0%Progressive	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	67
Ecuador	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	35.0%	-	Yes	Yes	67
Kuwait	None	None	None	-	-	-	67
Greenland	42.0%	42.0%Flat	42.0%	-	-	-	66
Samoa	27.0%	None	27.0%	-	-	-	66
Armenia	20.0%	10.0%Flat	None	-	-	Yes	66
Bhutan	25.0%	25.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	65
North Macedonia	10.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	65
Mexico	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	-	-	Yes	Yes	65
Saint Lucia	15.0%	None	None	-	-	Yes	65
Liechtenstein	8.0%	None	None	Yes	-	-	65
Iceland	46.3%	22.0%Flat	-	-	-	Yes	65
Grenada	30.0%	None	-	-	-	Yes	65
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	20.0%	None	-	-	-	-	65
Belgium	50.0%	None	-	Yes	Yes	-	65
Fiji	20.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	65
Maldives	15.0%	None	None	-	-	-	65
Tunisia	35.0%	10.0%Progressive	-	-	Yes	-	65
Canada	33.0%	16.5%Flat	24.8%	-	-	Yes	64
Vietnam	35.0%	20.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	64
Hungary	15.0%	15.0%Flat	13.0%	Yes	-	Yes	64
Kazakhstan	10.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	64
Philippines	35.0%	15.0%Flat	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	64
Montenegro	15.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	64
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	64
Uruguay	36.0%	12.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	64
United Kingdom	45.0%	24.0%Flat	None	Yes	-	-	64
Seychelles	20.0%	None	-	-	Yes	Yes	64
France	45.0%	30.0%Flat	17.2%	Yes	Yes	-	64
Saudi Arabia	None	None	None	-	-	-	63
Palau	25.0%	25.0%As Income	25.0%	-	-	-	63
Indonesia	35.0%	2.5%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	63
South Africa	45.0%	18.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	63
Vanuatu	None	None	None	-	Yes	-	63
Greece	44.0%	15.0%Flat	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	62
Italy	43.0%	26.0%Flat	12.5%	Yes	Yes	Yes	62
Argentina	35.0%	15.0%Progressive	-	-	Yes	Yes	62
Tuvalu	45.0%	None	None	-	-	-	62
Cape Verde	27.9%	27.9%Progressive	-	-	Yes	Yes	62
Micronesia	10.0%	10.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	61
Brazil	27.5%	15.0%Progressive	None	-	Yes	Yes	61
Marshall Islands	12.0%	None	None	-	-	-	61
Panama	25.0%	10.0%Flat	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	61
Singapore	24.0%	None	None	Yes	-	-	61
Sri Lanka	30.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	60
Malta	35.0%	8.0%Flat	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	60
Serbia	10.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	60
Monaco	None	None	None	-	Yes	-	60
Switzerland	13.2%	None	-	Yes	Yes	-	60
Kiribati	35.0%	None	-	-	-	-	60
Barbados	28.0%	None	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	60
Morocco	38.0%	20.0%Flat	-	Yes	Yes	-	59
Kenya	35.0%	15.0%Flat	None	-	Yes	Yes	59
Solomon Islands	35.0%	None	-	-	-	-	59
Nauru	None	None	None	-	-	-	59
Chile	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	35.0%	Yes	Yes	-	59
Kosovo	10.0%	10.0%Flat	None	-	-	-	59
São Tomé and Príncipe	25.0%	25.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	59
Moldova	12.0%	12.0%Flat	-	-	-	Yes	58
Paraguay	8.0%	8.0%Flat	None	-	Yes	Yes	58
Pakistan	35.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	58
Egypt	25.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	58
Ireland	40.0%	33.0%Flat	20.0%	Yes	Yes	-	58
Namibia	37.0%	37.0%Flat	None	-	Yes	Yes	57
Suriname	38.0%	38.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	57
Bolivia	13.0%	13.0%Flat	None	-	Yes	-	57
Cyprus	35.0%	20.0%Flat	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	57
Mongolia	10.0%	10.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	56
Jordan	30.0%	None	-	-	Yes	-	56
Dominican Republic	25.0%	25.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	56
Israel	47.0%	25.0%Flat	15.0%	Yes	-	-	56
Kyrgyzstan	10.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	55
Bahrain	None	None	None	-	Yes	-	55
United States	37.0%	20.0%Flat	20.0%	-	-	-	55
Costa Rica	25.0%	15.0%Flat	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	55
Belize	25.0%	None	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	55
Botswana	25.0%	25.0%Progressive	None	-	Yes	-	55
Cuba	50.0%	50.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	55
Nepal	36.0%	5.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	55
Uzbekistan	12.0%	12.0%Flat	5.0%	-	-	-	54
Colombia	39.0%	15.0%Progressive	35.0%	-	Yes	Yes	54
Albania	23.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	54
Azerbaijan	25.0%	25.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	54
Peru	30.0%	5.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	54
Eswatini	33.0%	None	-	-	-	-	53
French Guiana	45.0%	30.0%Flat	30.0%	-	Yes	-	53
Rwanda	30.0%	5.0%Flat	None	-	-	Yes	53
Ghana	30.0%	15.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	53
Laos	24.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	52
Gabon	35.0%	35.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	52
Senegal	40.0%	25.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	52
Bahamas	None	None	None	-	Yes	Yes	52
Comoros	25.0%	25.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	51
Gambia	30.0%	30.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	51
Algeria	35.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	51
Lesotho	30.0%	30.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	51
Malawi	35.0%	35.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	50
Benin	32.0%	32.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	50
El Salvador	30.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	50
Tanzania	30.0%	30.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	49
Jamaica	30.0%	None	-	-	Yes	Yes	49
Turkmenistan	10.0%	10.0%Flat	10.0%	-	-	-	49
Timor-Leste	10.0%	10.0%As Income	-	-	-	Yes	49
Trinidad and Tobago	30.0%	None	None	-	-	-	48
Uganda	30.0%	30.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	48
Liberia	25.0%	25.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	48
Zambia	37.0%	5.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	47
Cambodia	20.0%	20.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	47
Togo	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	-	-	Yes	-	47
Mauritania	40.0%	40.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	47
Madagascar	20.0%	20.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	46
Djibouti	25.0%	25.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	46
Guyana	40.0%	20.0%Flat	-	-	-	Yes	45
Nicaragua	30.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	45
Equatorial Guinea	25.0%	25.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	44
Angola	25.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	43
Cameroon	38.5%	38.5%Progressive	-	-	-	-	43
Bangladesh	25.0%	15.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	43
Guinea	30.0%	30.0%Flat	10.0%	-	-	-	43
Eritrea	38.0%	38.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	42
Tajikistan	8.0%	13.0%As Income	13.0%	-	-	-	42
Mozambique	32.0%	32.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	41
Sierra Leone	30.0%	30.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	40
Russia	22.0%	13.0%Progressive	13.0%	-	-	-	40
Ukraine	18.0%	18.0%Flat	5.0%	-	-	Yes	40
Guatemala	7.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	Yes	40
Belarus	13.0%	13.0%Flat	None	-	-	-	40
Honduras	25.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	39
Antigua and Barbuda	25.0%	None	25.0%	Yes	-	Yes	37
Lebanon	25.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	36
Guinea-Bissau	25.0%	25.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	36
Nigeria	24.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	Yes	-	36
Iran	25.0%	25.0%As Income	None	-	-	-	35
Burundi	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	34
Ethiopia	35.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	34
Palestine	15.0%	15.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	33
Democratic Republic of the Congo	35.0%	35.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	30
Papua New Guinea	42.0%	None	-	-	Yes	-	23
Venezuela	34.0%	34.0%As Income	None	-	Yes	-	22
North Korea	None	None	None	-	-	-	20
Mali	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	20
Niger	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	19
Libya	20.0%	20.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	18
Burkina Faso	35.0%	35.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	18
Myanmar	25.0%	10.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	18
Sudan	25.0%	25.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	17
Chad	40.0%	40.0%Progressive	20.0%	-	-	-	16
Iraq	15.0%	15.0%Flat	None	-	-	-	15
South Sudan	25.0%	25.0%As Income	-	-	-	-	15
Central African Republic	30.0%	30.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	14
Afghanistan	20.0%	20.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	13
Syria	22.0%	22.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	12
Haiti	30.0%	30.0%Progressive	-	-	-	-	12
Somalia	20.0%	20.0%Flat	-	-	-	-	8
Yemen	20.0%	20.0%As Income	20.0%	-	-	-	6

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Best Tax Countries by Region

Browse the lowest-tax countries in each region. Click any country for a full profile.

Best Tax Countries in Middle East & Africa

UAE, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain all impose 0% personal income tax. Mauritius has a flat 15% income tax.

Oman

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Qatar

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

United Arab Emirates

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Mauritius

Income tax: 19.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Turkey

Income tax: 40.0%

Capital gains: 40.0%

Dividend tax: -

Kuwait

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Tunisia

Income tax: 35.0%

Capital gains: 10.0%

Dividend tax: -

Seychelles

Income tax: 20.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: -

+58 more countries in Middle East & Africa

Best Tax Countries in Europe

Malta and Cyprus stand out for their territorial taxation. Bulgaria and Romania have flat 10% income tax. Monaco and Andorra effectively have 0% personal income tax.

Vatican City

Income tax: 30.0%

Capital gains: 30.0%

Dividend tax: 30.0%

Estonia

Income tax: 20.0%

Capital gains: 20.0%

Dividend tax: None

San Marino

Income tax: 38.0%

Capital gains: 5.0%

Dividend tax: 5.0%

Netherlands

Income tax: 49.5%

Capital gains: 36.0%

Dividend tax: 24.5%

Spain

Income tax: 47.0%

Capital gains: 28.0%

Dividend tax: 19.0%

Finland

Income tax: 31.3%

Capital gains: 34.0%

Dividend tax: 25.5%

Lithuania

Income tax: 32.0%

Capital gains: 15.0%

Dividend tax: None

Portugal

Income tax: 48.0%

Capital gains: 28.0%

Dividend tax: -

+38 more countries in Europe

Best Tax Countries in Other

Additional territories with competitive tax rates.

Dominica

Income tax: 25.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: 25.0%

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Ecuador

Income tax: 35.0%

Capital gains: 35.0%

Dividend tax: 35.0%

Greenland

Income tax: 42.0%

Capital gains: 42.0%

Dividend tax: 42.0%

Mexico

Income tax: 35.0%

Capital gains: 35.0%

Dividend tax: -

Saint Lucia

Income tax: 15.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Grenada

Income tax: 30.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: -

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Income tax: 20.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: -

+29 more countries in Other

Best Tax Countries in Asia

Georgia and Thailand offer territorial taxation on foreign income. Malaysia MM2H provides tax-friendly residency. Singapore has competitive rates.

Taiwan

Income tax: 40.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: 28.0%

Japan

Income tax: 45.0%

Capital gains: 20.3%

Dividend tax: 20.3%

Brunei

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

South Korea

Income tax: 45.0%

Capital gains: 45.0%

Dividend tax: 45.0%

China

Income tax: 45.0%

Capital gains: 20.0%

Dividend tax: 5.0%

India

Income tax: 30.0%

Capital gains: 12.5%

Dividend tax: 30.0%

Georgia

Income tax: 20.0%

Capital gains: 5.0%

Dividend tax: None

Malaysia

Income tax: 30.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

+25 more countries in Asia

Best Tax Countries in Oceania

Vanuatu has no personal income tax. New Zealand has no separate capital gains tax.

New Zealand

Income tax: 39.0%

Capital gains: 39.0%

Dividend tax: -

Tonga

Income tax: 25.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: 15.0%

Australia

Income tax: 45.0%

Capital gains: 45.0%

Dividend tax: None

Samoa

Income tax: 27.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: 27.0%

Fiji

Income tax: 20.0%

Capital gains: 10.0%

Dividend tax: -

Palau

Income tax: 25.0%

Capital gains: 25.0%

Dividend tax: 25.0%

Vanuatu

Income tax: None

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

Tuvalu

Income tax: 45.0%

Capital gains: None

Dividend tax: None

+6 more countries in Oceania

FAQ

Tax Comparison — Frequently Asked Questions

Which countries have 0% capital gains tax?

Several countries impose no capital gains tax on individuals, including Oman, Qatar, Taiwan (on listed securities), San Marino, the UAE, Cayman Islands, Bahamas, and Monaco. Note that "0% capital gains" often applies only to financial assets. Real estate gains may still be taxed separately, as in Taiwan. Always verify with a local tax advisor before relocating.

Which countries have no dividend tax for expats?

Countries with 0% dividend tax for resident individuals include Oman, Qatar, and Estonia (when the underlying corporate distribution tax has already been paid). Several others offer very low rates. San Marino taxes dividends at 5%, and Spain lowest savings bracket starts at 19%. Note that zero-dividend-tax countries typically achieve this via no personal income tax rather than a specific dividend exemption.

What are the best countries for retirees with low taxes?

The best low-tax retirement destinations depend on your income type. For pension and social security income: Panama (pensionado visa), Portugal (non-habitual resident program, now restructured), and Thailand have historically been popular. For investment income: Oman, Qatar, UAE, and Georgia stand out. For overall tax burden: countries with no personal income tax such as Gulf states, Cayman Islands, and Monaco are lowest, though cost of living varies enormously.

What is a special expat tax program and which countries offer them?

Special expat tax programs grant favorable tax treatment to qualifying foreign residents for a set number of years. Examples include Spain Beckham Law (flat 24% income tax for up to 6 years), the Netherlands 30% Ruling (30% of salary tax-free for up to 5 years), Italy new resident regime (flat 100,000 EUR annual tax on foreign income), and Malta Global Residence Programme. These programs typically require a minimum income, a qualifying visa, and an application process.

What is the difference between territorial and worldwide taxation?

Countries with territorial taxation only tax income earned within their borders. Foreign-source income such as dividends, capital gains, and rental income from abroad is untaxed. Countries with worldwide taxation tax residents on all income regardless of where it is earned. For expats living on investment portfolios or foreign business income, territorial taxation is far more favorable. Examples include Panama, Georgia, Paraguay, Thailand (under certain conditions), and Costa Rica.

Do countries with 0% income tax still have other taxes?

Yes. Countries with no personal income tax such as the UAE, Oman, Qatar, Bahamas, and Cayman Islands typically generate government revenue through VAT (UAE: 5%), import duties, corporate taxes, and resource royalties. They are not truly tax-free environments, but for individuals living on investment income or remote salaries, the effective personal tax rate can be near zero.

What is deemed return taxation (like Netherlands Box 3)?

Rather than taxing actual capital gains or dividends, some countries tax a presumed or deemed return on your investment portfolio, regardless of what you actually earned. The Netherlands Box 3 system applies a fixed assumed yield percentage to net assets above a threshold and taxes that deemed yield. This can be disadvantageous in low-return years and advantageous in high-return years.

How often is this tax comparison data updated?

This table is updated at minimum quarterly and reflects individual resident tax rates as of 2026. Tax law changes frequently, particularly for expat programs, which are politically sensitive. We recommend treating this as a starting point for research, not as tax advice. Always consult a qualified cross-border tax advisor before making residency decisions based on tax rates.