Norway

{"ftc_utility":"high","fbar_trigger_notes":"US expats in Norway will typically hold Norwegian bank accounts (DNB, Nordea, Handelsbanken, etc.). Aggregate balances above $10,000 at any point during the year trigger FBAR filing on FinCEN Form 114. Norway participates in CRS and has automatic information exchange agreements with the US under FATCA, so Norwegian banks report US account holder information to Norwegian authorities who share with the IRS.","ftc_utility_reason":"Norway's top marginal personal income tax rate reaches approximately 47.4% when combining the 22% flat rate with the progressive surtax. This exceeds the US top marginal rate, so the Foreign Tax Credit (Form 1116) is typically more advantageous than the FEIE for US expats in Norway as it offsets US tax dollar-for-dollar with Norwegian taxes paid and avoids the FEIE's earned income limitation on passive income.","presence_day_count_notes":"Norway imposes its own tax residency rules separate from US FEIE eligibility. An individual becomes Norwegian tax resident after 183 days in a 12-month period or 270 days over 36 months. There are no hard visa-based caps on US citizen presence that would prevent the 330-day physical presence test, but Norway's Schengen rules and residence permit requirements must be satisfied independently for those working legally.","typical_qualifying_method":"either","housing_exclusion_available":true,"physical_presence_test_applies":true,"estimated_housing_exclusion_usd":35000,"local_tax_rate_on_earned_income":0.3072,"bona_fide_residence_test_applies":true}

{"pension_income":{"notes":"Foreign pension income received by Norwegian tax residents is generally taxable as ordinary income at 22% plus applicable surtax brackets. Norwegian public pension (folketrygd) is also taxed but benefits from a minimum deduction. Treaty provisions may limit Norway's taxing rights on certain government pensions.","tax_rate":0.22,"locally_taxed":true},"social_security":{"notes":"Under Article 18 of the US-Norway treaty, US Social Security benefits paid to Norwegian residents are taxable only in the United States. Norway cedes taxing rights. A separate US-Norway Totalization Agreement (1984) prevents dual social security contributions and coordinates benefit entitlements.","locally_taxed":false,"treaty_protection":true},"roth_distributions":{"notes":"Norway does not recognize the Roth IRA as a tax-exempt vehicle. Distributions from Roth IRAs may be taxed by Norway as pension or capital income even though they were funded with after-tax dollars. US-Norway treaty does not specifically exempt Roth distributions from Norwegian tax. US expats should seek specialist advice given the risk of double taxation on Roth distributions.","locally_taxed":true},"us_401k_ira_distributions":{"notes":"The US-Norway tax treaty (1971, as amended) covers pension and retirement income. Article 18 generally assigns taxing rights on private pensions to the country of residence. Norwegian tax residents receiving 401(k) or traditional IRA distributions would typically owe Norwegian tax at ordinary income rates (22% base plus surtax if total income crosses bracket thresholds). US withholding taxes paid can be credited against Norwegian liability. US citizens resident in Norway remain subject to US tax with the foreign tax credit available to reduce double taxation.","tax_rate":0.22,"locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":true}}

{"rate":0.22,"notes":"Capital gains for individuals are taxed as ordinary income at the flat 22% rate. Gains on shares are subject to an additional shareholder income tax via the shareholder model (aksjonaermodellen), bringing the effective combined rate to approximately 37.84% after the shielding deduction.","details":{"tax_type":"Capital Gains Tax","country_name":"Norway","country_iso_code":"NOR","source_references":["Skatteetaten (Norwegian Tax Administration)","PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - Norway"],"last_verified_date":"2026-06-03","general_description":"Norway does not have a separate capital gains tax. Gains are included in ordinary income and taxed at 22%. For gains on shares and equity fund units, the shareholder model applies: gains above a risk-free return allowance (skjermingsfradrag) are grossed up by a factor of 1.72, then taxed at 22%, producing an effective rate of approximately 37.84%. Real property gains are taxed at 22% on net gain; the primary residence exemption applies if the owner has lived there for at least 12 of the last 24 months before sale.","corporate_capital_gains":{"rate":0.22,"tax_treatment":"Corporate capital gains on shares are generally exempt under the participation exemption (fritaksmetoden) if the holding meets the qualifying conditions. Gains on other assets are taxed as ordinary corporate income at 22%.","participation_exemption_notes":"Exemption applies to gains on shares in companies resident in the EEA. Low-tax jurisdictions and holdings below 10% in non-EEA companies are excluded.","participation_exemption_available":true},"individual_capital_gains":{"rate":0.22,"tax_treatment":"Gains on shares and equity instruments are grossed up by 1.72 then taxed at 22%, yielding an effective rate of 37.84% on amounts above the shielding deduction. Direct real estate gains taxed at 22%; primary residence exempt after 12 months ownership and occupancy.","effective_rate_on_shares":0.3784,"primary_residence_exemption":true,"shielding_deduction_available":true}}}

{"notes":"Dividends received by individuals are subject to the shareholder model. Amounts above the annual shielding deduction (skjermingsfradrag) are grossed up by 1.72 and taxed at 22%, giving an effective rate of approximately 37.84%. Dividends within the shielding allowance are tax-free. Corporate dividends received under the participation exemption (fritaksmetoden) are 97% exempt, resulting in an effective corporate tax of 0.66%. Non-resident individuals are subject to a 25% withholding tax on dividends, which may be reduced under an applicable tax treaty.","rates":[{"rate":0.3784,"type":"flat","notes":"Effective rate for resident individuals on dividends above the shielding deduction under the shareholder model (1.72 gross-up x 22%)."},{"rate":0,"type":"exempt","notes":"Dividends within the annual shielding allowance (skjermingsfradrag) are tax-free for resident individuals."},{"rate":0.25,"type":"withholding","notes":"Standard withholding on dividends paid to non-residents; reduced under applicable treaties (commonly to 15% or lower)."},{"rate":0.0066,"type":"flat","notes":"Effective rate for corporate shareholders under the participation exemption - 3% of dividends included in taxable income taxed at 22%."}]}