Eswatini

{"ftc_utility":"high","fbar_trigger_notes":"US expats working in Eswatini typically need a local bank account (Lilangeni-denominated). If aggregate foreign account balances exceed $10,000 USD at any point during the year, FBAR filing (FinCEN 114) is required. The Lilangeni (SZL) is pegged 1:1 to the South African Rand.","ftc_utility_reason":"Eswatini taxes resident individuals on worldwide income at rates up to 33%. US expats earning income locally will pay Eswatini income tax, which generates creditable foreign taxes. FTC can offset US tax liability on the same income, reducing or eliminating double taxation where FEIE does not fully shelter income.","presence_day_count_notes":"No specific visa restrictions prevent the 330-day physical presence count. Eswatini does not impose strict entry duration limits on US citizens that would systematically break the 330-day count, though visitors should confirm visa status. Work permits are required for employment.","typical_qualifying_method":"either","housing_exclusion_available":true,"physical_presence_test_applies":true,"estimated_housing_exclusion_usd":9600,"local_tax_rate_on_earned_income":0.33,"bona_fide_residence_test_applies":true}

{"pension_income":{"notes":"Pension income received by Eswatini residents is taxable as ordinary income at progressive rates up to 33%. Locally sourced pension income from approved funds may qualify for certain deductions. Foreign pension income is subject to the same rate schedule.","tax_rate":0.33,"locally_taxed":true},"social_security":{"notes":"No US-Eswatini totalization or income tax treaty. US Social Security benefits received by an Eswatini tax resident would be treated as foreign pension income subject to progressive income tax. No treaty protection applies.","locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":false},"roth_distributions":{"notes":"Roth distributions are generally return of after-tax capital. Eswatini does not have a specific provision addressing Roth accounts. Qualified Roth distributions that represent non-taxable return of basis are unlikely to be treated as taxable income, but no explicit statutory exemption exists and professional advice is recommended.","locally_taxed":false},"us_401k_ira_distributions":{"notes":"No US-Eswatini income tax treaty exists. US retirement distributions (401k, traditional IRA) received by an Eswatini tax resident are treated as foreign-source pension income and are subject to Eswatini income tax at progressive rates up to 33%. No treaty relief is available.","tax_rate":0.33,"locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":false}}

{"rate":0.33,"notes":"Eswatini does not have a separate capital gains tax. Gains of a capital nature are generally not taxed, though gains from disposal of business assets may be treated as revenue in nature and taxed as ordinary income at progressive rates up to 33%.","details":{"tax_type":"Capital Gains Tax","country_name":"Eswatini","country_iso_code":"SWZ","source_references":["PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - Eswatini","Eswatini Revenue Authority"],"last_verified_date":"2026-06-03","general_description":"No standalone CGT exists in Eswatini. Pure capital gains are generally outside the tax net. Gains that are revenue in character - such as profits from trading in assets or disposal of business assets - are taxed as ordinary income under the Income Tax Order 1975.","corporate_capital_gains":{"rate":0.275,"tax_treatment":"No separate CGT. Revenue-character gains taxed as ordinary corporate income at 27.5%."},"individual_capital_gains":{"rate":0.33,"tax_treatment":"No separate CGT. Revenue-character gains taxed as ordinary income at progressive rates up to 33%."}}}

{"notes":"Dividends paid by Eswatini-resident companies to non-resident individuals are subject to a 15% withholding tax. Dividends paid to resident individuals are also subject to withholding tax at 12.5%. These are generally final taxes.","rates":[{"rate":0.125,"type":"withholding","notes":"Rate applicable to resident individual recipients; treated as final tax."},{"rate":0.15,"type":"withholding","notes":"Rate applicable to non-resident recipients; treated as final tax."}]}