Rwanda

{"ftc_utility":"high","fbar_trigger_notes":"US expats in Rwanda are commonly required to open local RWF accounts for payroll and daily transactions. Account balances exceeding $10,000 in aggregate at any point during the year trigger FBAR filing on FinCEN Form 114. Rwanda does not share banking data automatically with the US under FATCA CRS equivalents, but US persons must self-report.","ftc_utility_reason":"Rwanda taxes residents on worldwide income at rates up to 30%. US expats paying Rwandan income tax on earned income can apply the Foreign Tax Credit to offset US federal tax liability on the same income, reducing or eliminating double taxation. FEIE and FTC should be evaluated together given Rwanda's 30% top rate exceeds many US marginal rates for moderate earners.","presence_day_count_notes":"Rwanda does not impose strict exit or re-entry rules that would complicate the 330-day count. Most long-stay visas and residency permits allow continuous presence. US citizens working in Rwanda on employment permits or investor visas can generally accumulate 330 qualifying days within a 12-month period without structural interruption.","typical_qualifying_method":"either","housing_exclusion_available":true,"physical_presence_test_applies":true,"estimated_housing_exclusion_usd":16800,"local_tax_rate_on_earned_income":0.3,"bona_fide_residence_test_applies":true}

{"pension_income":{"notes":"Foreign pension income received by a Rwanda tax resident is subject to Rwandan income tax at progressive rates up to 30%. No treaty protections reduce this liability. Rwanda's RSSB (Rwanda Social Security Board) pension contributions and benefits are governed separately under domestic social security law.","tax_rate":0.3,"locally_taxed":true},"social_security":{"notes":"No US-Rwanda totalization agreement or income tax treaty covers US Social Security benefits. A Rwanda tax resident receiving US Social Security would potentially owe Rwandan tax on that income as part of worldwide income. US-side taxation under the foreign tax credit framework would apply separately.","locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":false},"roth_distributions":{"notes":"No US-Rwanda tax treaty exists. Roth IRA distributions are not specifically recognized under Rwandan law. A Rwanda tax resident receiving Roth distributions may face inclusion in taxable income at progressive rates up to 30%, though the absence of treaty provisions means no specific exemption applies.","locally_taxed":true},"us_401k_ira_distributions":{"notes":"Rwanda and the United States do not have a bilateral income tax treaty. US 401k and IRA distributions received by a Rwanda tax resident would be treated as foreign-source income. Rwanda taxes residents on worldwide income, so these distributions would be included in taxable income and subject to progressive rates up to 30%. No treaty exemption or reduced rate is available.","tax_rate":0.3,"locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":false}}

{"rate":0.05,"notes":"Rwanda taxes capital gains on immovable property and shares at 5%. Gains from listed securities on the Rwanda Stock Exchange may qualify for reduced rates or exemptions under specific conditions.","details":{"tax_type":"Capital Gains Tax","country_name":"Rwanda","country_iso_code":"RWA","source_references":["PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - Rwanda","Rwanda Revenue Authority","Rwanda Income Tax Law No. 16/2005 as amended"],"last_verified_date":"2026-06-03","general_description":"Rwanda applies a 5% withholding tax on capital gains derived from the transfer of immovable property and shares in Rwandan companies. Gains on listed securities on the Rwanda Stock Exchange held for certain periods may be exempt or reduced. Gains are not generally folded into the progressive income tax schedule for individuals.","corporate_capital_gains":{"rate":0.3,"tax_treatment":"Corporate capital gains are included in taxable income and subject to the standard corporate income tax rate of 30%."},"individual_capital_gains":{"rate":0.05,"tax_treatment":"Gains on disposal of immovable property and shares are subject to a 5% withholding tax. Gains on shares listed on the Rwanda Stock Exchange may be exempt if held for a qualifying period."}}}

{"notes":"Dividends paid by Rwandan companies are subject to a 15% withholding tax for both residents and non-residents. This withholding is generally a final tax for individuals. Dividends from companies listed on the Rwanda Stock Exchange may attract a reduced 5% rate to encourage capital market participation.","rates":[{"rate":0.15,"type":"withholding","notes":"Standard withholding tax on dividends paid to residents and non-residents."},{"rate":0.05,"type":"withholding","notes":"Reduced rate applicable to dividends from companies listed on the Rwanda Stock Exchange."}]}