United States

{"ftc_utility":"none","fbar_trigger_notes":"US persons with foreign financial accounts exceeding $10,000 in aggregate at any point during the calendar year must file FinCEN Form 114 (FBAR). US domestic bank accounts do not trigger FBAR. FATCA Form 8938 applies to foreign financial assets above $50,000 for single filers. These obligations apply to all US citizens and green card holders regardless of residence.","ftc_utility_reason":"This entry reflects the US as the country of residence for a US expat. The Foreign Tax Credit is the mechanism by which a US person resident abroad offsets foreign taxes paid against US tax liability. When living in the US, FTC is irrelevant for domestic income. FTC utility is high for US expats living in high-tax foreign countries paying more foreign tax than their US liability.","presence_day_count_notes":"The FEIE is a US tax benefit for Americans living abroad. For a US person living in the US itself, neither the physical presence test nor the bona fide residence test can be satisfied, as the exclusion requires the taxpayer to have a tax home in a foreign country and to be present or resident abroad. No FEIE is available to US residents living domestically.","typical_qualifying_method":"either","housing_exclusion_available":false,"physical_presence_test_applies":false,"estimated_housing_exclusion_usd":null,"local_tax_rate_on_earned_income":0.37,"bona_fide_residence_test_applies":false}

{"pension_income":{"notes":"Private pension and annuity income is generally taxed as ordinary income at progressive federal rates. Government pension treatment varies. State tax treatment differs by state - some states exempt pension income fully or partially.","tax_rate":0.37,"locally_taxed":true},"social_security":{"notes":"Up to 85% of Social Security benefits are taxable at ordinary income rates for recipients with combined income above $34,000 (single) or $44,000 (married filing jointly). Below certain thresholds, 0% to 50% of benefits are taxable. Some states also tax Social Security benefits.","locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":false},"roth_distributions":{"notes":"Qualified Roth IRA and Roth 401(k) distributions are federal income tax-free if the account has been open at least 5 years and the account holder is age 59.5 or older. Non-qualified distributions may be subject to tax and penalty on the earnings portion. Contributions can always be withdrawn tax-free.","locally_taxed":false},"us_401k_ira_distributions":{"notes":"This is the domestic US tax context. Traditional 401(k) and IRA distributions are taxed as ordinary income at progressive rates up to 37%. Early withdrawals before age 59.5 are subject to an additional 10% penalty tax in most cases. Required minimum distributions (RMDs) begin at age 73 under SECURE 2.0 rules.","tax_rate":0.37,"locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":false}}

{"rate":0.2,"notes":"Long-term capital gains (assets held over 12 months) are taxed at preferential rates of 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on taxable income. Short-term gains are taxed as ordinary income at rates up to 37%. A 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT) may also apply to higher earners.","details":{"tax_type":"Capital Gains Tax","country_name":"United States","country_iso_code":"USA","source_references":["IRS Publication 550","IRS Revenue Procedure 2023-34","PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries"],"last_verified_date":"2026-06-03","general_description":"The US taxes capital gains at different rates depending on holding period. Long-term gains (held over 12 months) qualify for preferential rates of 0%, 15%, or 20% based on income thresholds. Short-term gains (held 12 months or less) are taxed as ordinary income at progressive rates up to 37%. High-income taxpayers may owe an additional 3.8% NIIT on net investment income. State income taxes may add further liability.","corporate_capital_gains":{"rate":0.21,"tax_treatment":"Corporations are taxed on capital gains at the flat 21% corporate income tax rate. No preferential long-term rate applies to corporations."},"individual_capital_gains":{"rate":0.2,"tax_treatment":"Long-term gains taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20% based on taxable income. Short-term gains taxed as ordinary income. 3.8% NIIT applies to net investment income for single filers with MAGI above $200,000.","niit_surcharge":0.038,"long_term_rates":[{"rate":0,"income_threshold_single_usd":47025},{"rate":0.15,"income_threshold_single_usd":518900},{"rate":0.2,"income_threshold_single_usd":null}],"short_term_rate":0.37}}}

{"notes":"Qualified dividends paid by US corporations or qualifying foreign corporations are taxed at the preferential long-term capital gains rates of 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on taxable income. Ordinary (non-qualified) dividends are taxed as ordinary income at rates up to 37%. The 3.8% NIIT may apply to higher-income taxpayers on both types.","rates":[{"rate":0,"type":"flat","notes":"Qualified dividends - 0% rate for taxpayers in the 10% and 12% ordinary income brackets"},{"rate":0.15,"type":"flat","notes":"Qualified dividends - 15% rate for most middle and upper-middle income taxpayers"},{"rate":0.2,"type":"flat","notes":"Qualified dividends - 20% rate for single filers with taxable income above $518,900 (2024)"},{"rate":0.37,"type":"progressive","notes":"Ordinary (non-qualified) dividends taxed at top marginal ordinary income rate"},{"rate":0.038,"type":"flat","notes":"3.8% net investment income tax surcharge applies to investment income including dividends for single filers with MAGI over $200,000"}]}