Panama
Data updated Jul 16, 2026
Overall Score
54.8
Good
Avg. Rent (1BR)
$1,023
-40% vs US Avg
Safety Index
57.3
COL Index
43.9
Level 2 — Exercise Increased Caution
Please check the latest official travel advisories for Panama before planning your trip.
Panama works best for retirees and early retirees with $3,000 or more per month in passive income who want a dollarized economy, no currency risk, and a short flight back to the US. The Pensionado visa is the draw: permanent residency for anyone receiving at least $1,000 per month in pension income, with discounts on utilities, medical services, hotels, and flights. That program is real and the discounts actually show up. The tradeoff is that Panama City feels like a mid-tier American city grafted onto a developing country. You get the skyline, the traffic, the malls, and the inequality, all at once. If you want rural or beach living, you are looking at Boquete or the Azuero Peninsula, which have real tradeoffs in infrastructure and services. This is not a budget destination for someone trying to stretch $1,500 a month.
Budget numbers tell the real story. Numbeo puts monthly costs for a single person at around $789 excluding rent, and a one-bedroom in Panama City runs approximately $1,023 per month in a central neighborhood. A realistic all-in budget for a single person living comfortably in the city lands between $2,200 and $2,800 per month. That covers a decent apartment, groceries, eating out regularly, transportation, and a basic private health insurance policy. The dollar peg means no currency manipulation benefit. You are not getting a Mexico City or Medellin-style arbitrage here. Imported goods cost close to US prices. A bottle of decent wine runs $15 to $20. A new car is more expensive than in the States because of import duties. The savings come from services, local food, and lower housing costs compared to major US metros, not from a devalued currency.
The friction points are predictable but worth naming. Spanish is essential outside of tourist and expat corridors, and the medium English proficiency rating reflects reality. Panama City's Marbella and El Cangrejo neighborhoods have English spoken widely, but a medical appointment outside a private hospital in a major hospital system, or dealing with government bureaucracy for residency, requires Spanish or a bilingual intermediary. The State Department has this at Level 2, and crime is concentrated but real. The Darien region is a hard no. Parts of Colon and certain Panama City neighborhoods have serious street crime. Traffic in the capital is genuinely bad. The rainy season runs roughly May through November and brings daily downpours. Fixed broadband speeds average around 274 Mbps download according to Speedtest data, so remote work infrastructure is solid in the city, but drops off significantly once you leave urban centers.
For US citizens, Panama operates on a territorial tax system, meaning Panamanian taxes apply only to income sourced within Panama. Remote workers and retirees receiving US-sourced income owe nothing to Panama locally. The US still taxes citizens on worldwide income regardless of where they live, so you file and pay the IRS as normal. The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, which covers up to $126,500 in 2024 for earned income, applies if you meet the bona fide residence or physical presence test. It does not apply to passive income like Social Security, dividends, or rental income from US property. There is no US-Panama tax treaty, so foreign tax credits are less useful here than in treaty countries. If you are a retiree living on Social Security and investment distributions, your Panama residency does not reduce your US tax bill. Plan accordingly.
Recommended Destinations in Panama
Best for Retirees
Best for Geoarbitrage
Best for Remote Workers
- Capital
- Panama City
- Official Language
- Spanish
- Time Zone
- UTC-05:00
- Region
- Latin America
- Population
- 4,314,768
- Healthcare Index
- 60.7
- Internet Speed
- 197.02 Mbps
- Climate Zones
- tropical
View on Interactive Map
Explore data visually
🏙️ Top Cities in Panama
Explore cost of living, walkability scores, and expat ratings for individual cities in Panama.
CoL Index: 58
Est. Total: ~$1,850/mo
CoL Index: 52
Est. Total: ~$1,350/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,155/mo
CoL Index: 48
Est. Total: ~$1,200/mo
CoL Index: 49
Est. Total: ~$1,450/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,804/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,500/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,620/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,804/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,375/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,550/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,550/mo
CoL Index: 44
Est. Total: ~$1,560/mo
How far does $2,000 go in Panama?
With a monthly budget of $2,000, you can live comfortably in Panama. After accounting for an average rent of $$1,023, you have approximately $977remaining for daily expenses.
Calculate your FIRE timeline with these costs →💰 Cost of Living in Panama
Relative to New York City (NYC = 100). A lower number means it's cheaper.
Relative to New York City (NYC = 100). A lower number means rent is cheaper.
Relative to New York City (NYC = 100). A lower number means groceries are cheaper.
Relative to New York City (NYC = 100). A lower number means eating out is cheaper.
Cost Comparison Notes:
Summary of cost of living in Panama: The estimated monthly costs for a family of four are $2,854.6, excluding rent. The estimated monthly costs for a single person are $781.4, excluding rent.
🛒 Grocery & Family Costs
Family Costs
Can I afford to live in Panama?
Comfortable (1.0×): balanced baseline lifestyle. Adjusts day-to-day costs only — rent is unaffected.
Panama
You could save
1,196/mo
Monthly Costs
Attractiveness Scores
Based on national averages. City-level costs may vary. Browse cities in Panama →
⚕️ Healthcare System
Our Top Pick for Nomads: SafetyWing
Flexible, subscription-based health cover for remote workers in Panama.
Get Covered with SafetyWing →Looking for more options? Check Ekta.
An estimation of the overall quality of the health care system. Higher is better.
Quality & Affordability:
Good quality healthcare, especially in private sector (modern, well-equipped). Public system offers decent physician care but overall quality lower than private/Europe/US. Costs significantly lower than US.
Insurance Insights:
Public system (CSS) accessible to expats paying into system with correct visa. Private insurance (local/international) common for expats seeking higher quality/faster access. Self-insuring also viable due to lower costs.
🛂 Visa & Residency Pathways
🛂 Visa Services
Ready to apply for a Panama visa?
Get help with your application — tourist, long-stay, and residency visas processed online.
General Overview
Available Visa Types:
Process & Requirements:
The Friendly Nations Visa was modified in 2021. Currently, applicants are granted a two-year provisional residency first, and only after that period become eligible to apply for permanent residency.
As of 2026, applicants can qualify via employment with a Panamanian company, real estate investment of USD $200,000, or a bank deposit of USD $200,000. The straightforward nature of these popular visas, as detailed by the National Migration Service, earns Panama its high score (URL: https://www.migracion.gob.pa/).
Residency & Citizenship Notes:
The pathway from permanent residency to citizenship in Panama is clear and time-based. After five years of holding permanent resident status, you are eligible to apply for naturalization. To apply, you must submit a declaration to the President through the Ministry of Government and Justice, providing evidence of your residency period. You will also need to demonstrate basic knowledge of Spanish and Panamanian history and geography.
A key consideration is Panama's stance on dual citizenship. While the constitution does not explicitly permit it, in practice, a new Panamanian citizen is often not required to formally renounce their previous citizenship, though they may not be able to use their old passport within Panama. This practical acceptance of dual status, combined with the five-year timeline, makes the path to a Panamanian passport relatively 'clear' and achievable (URL: https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/adquisicion-de-la-nacionalidad/).
🛂 Visa Matcher
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Detailed Visa Options
🧳 Tourist & Short-Stay Information
Extension Notes
The 180-day stay cannot be extended. Visitors must exit the country to start a new stay period upon re-entry. Source: Panamanian Immigration Authority policies.
General Visa Notes
US citizens can visit Panama for up to 180 days without a visa. However, a passport that is valid for at least three months from the date of entry is required. Proof of economic solvency (at least $500 USD) and an onward/return ticket may also be requested.
Official Source: View Source
🌴 Retirement / Passive Income Visa
Income Notes
Monthly pension requirement of $1,000. Offers various retiree benefits and discounts. Pensionado discount on restaurants: The discount is 25% off restaurants, 15% off hospital bills, and 25% off utilities.
Health Insurance Notes
Health insurance is not an explicitly stated mandatory document for the initial application for the Pensionado Visa. However, demonstrating financial solvency includes the ability to cover medical costs, and it is highly advisable to have a comprehensive private policy. It may be requested by immigration officials. Source: Official requirements from the National Immigration Service of Panama. Medicare Part B premium is $202.90/month in 2026.
💻 Digital Nomad Visa
Income Notes
Applicants need to prove an annual income of at least $36,000 USD from a foreign source. The initial visa is granted for 9 months and can be renewed for another 9 months. The application process is known for being relatively straightforward. Source: Executive Decree 198 of May 7, 2021, Republic of Panama.
Tax Notes
Panama operates on a territorial tax system, which is highly advantageous for digital nomads. This means that any income generated from sources outside of Panama is not subject to Panamanian taxes. Source: Tax Code of Panama.
📈 Investor Visa
Investment Details
Investment Options & Notes
The minimum investment is $300,000 USD in Panamanian real estate. Other options include a $500,000 investment in the Panamanian stock market or a $750,000 bank deposit. This program offers a faster path to permanent residency (30 days) compared to other options. Source: Executive Decree 722 of October 15, 2020.
Path to Citizenship
Citizenship Notes
After holding permanent resident status for 5 years, an investor can apply for citizenship. The applicant must demonstrate ties to Panama and have some knowledge of Spanish and Panamanian history. Panama has some restrictions on dual citizenship. Source: Panamanian Constitution.
🛡️ Safety & Stability
An estimation of overall safety level. Higher is better.
An estimation of the overall level of crime. Lower is better.
World Bank political stability estimate, rescaled to 0-100. Higher is better.
Safety Notes:
Crime Rate: Moderate. Panama experiences moderate levels of crime, with occasional violent incidents.
Types of Crime: Petty theft, burglary, and occasional violent crime.
Kidnapping Risk: Moderate; incidents have occurred, particularly in certain regions.
🏦 Taxation & Finance
🏦 Tax Snapshot
Pensionado Visa Program
Panama's Pensionado visa is not strictly a tax program but confers significant benefits. Because Panama uses a territorial tax system, all foreign-source income (pensions, investment income, social security) is exempt from Panamanian income tax for any resident regardless of visa type. The Pensionado program requires a minimum lifetime pension of $1,000/month ($750 if purchasing real estate in Panama valued at $100,000+). Holders receive discounts of 15-50% on health services, medications, restaurants, hotels, and flights. There is no minimum stay requirement to maintain the visa, though residents spending significant time in Panama may acquire tax residency.
Friendly Nations Visa
Provides a path to permanent residency for citizens of designated friendly nations, including the US, upon demonstrating economic ties to Panama (employment, business ownership, or real property purchase). Tax benefit flows from Panama's territorial system - all foreign-source income remains exempt. Not a preferential tax rate program per se, but commonly used by US expats to establish residency while maintaining tax-exempt foreign income.
FEIE Interaction
FTC Utility: low
Panama's territorial tax system means most foreign-source income earned by expats living in Panama is not taxed locally at all. US expats earning income from US sources while residing in Panama will owe US tax on that income but will have little or no Panamanian tax to credit against it. The Foreign Tax Credit is therefore of minimal utility for most Panama-based expats. Expats with Panama-source income from local employment will pay Panamanian income tax at rates up to 25%, which could generate creditable taxes, but most retirement and passive income scenarios produce no Panamanian tax.
Presence Day Count Notes
Panama's Pensionado visa has no minimum stay requirement, and the Friendly Nations Visa also imposes no minimum presence requirement after permanent residency is granted. The 330-day physical presence test is achievable for US expats living in Panama full-time. Some visa categories require periodic renewals but do not restrict days outside the country in ways that would interfere with the 330-day count. Tourist-based stays are limited to 180 days and would complicate bona fide residence claims.
FBAR Trigger Notes
US expats in Panama commonly open local bank accounts with Banco Nacional, Banistmo, or other Panamanian banks. If combined foreign account balances exceed $10,000 at any point during the calendar year, FBAR filing (FinCEN 114) is required. Panama banking system uses USD, which eliminates currency conversion complexity. FATCA compliance is in place - Panama signed a Model 1 IGA with the US in 2010.
401k/IRA Treatment
Pension Income
Foreign pension income of any type is exempt from Panamanian income tax under the territorial system. This is a significant benefit for retirees and a primary driver of Panama's popularity as a retirement destination. Only pensions from Panama-source employment would be taxable.
Not Taxed LocallySocial Security
US Social Security benefits are foreign-source income and exempt from Panamanian tax. No US-Panama totalization agreement or income tax treaty exists. Panama has its own social security system (Caja de Seguro Social) to which employed residents contribute.
Not Taxed LocallyRoth Distributions
Roth IRA distributions are foreign-source and exempt from Panamanian tax under the territorial system. No distinction is drawn between Roth and traditional IRA distributions - both are foreign-source and untaxed in Panama.
Not Taxed LocallyUS 401k/IRA Distributions
Panama taxes only Panama-source income. Distributions from US 401(k) and IRA accounts are foreign-source income and are not subject to Panamanian income tax under the territorial system. There is no US-Panama income tax treaty, so treaty protection is not available. The tax exemption derives from domestic Panamanian territorial law, not treaty provisions.
Not Taxed LocallyCapital Gains Tax
Panama taxes capital gains from securities transactions at a flat 10% rate. Gains from real property sales are subject to a 3% transfer tax on the sale price (or 10% on the gain, whichever is higher), which operates as a final withholding.
Panama operates a territorial tax system. Capital gains sourced outside Panama are not taxed. For Panama-source gains, securities are taxed at 10% flat and real property transfers are subject to a 3% withholding on the gross sale price (treated as advance payment against a 10% tax on net gain, with the taxpayer electing whichever method yields higher tax as the final liability).
Dividend Tax Rate
Panama levies a dividend withholding tax (impuesto de dividendos) at 10% on dividends paid from Panama-source income and 5% on dividends paid from foreign-source income. An additional 10% surtax applies to undistributed earnings when a company fails to distribute at least 40% of net income as dividends within 3 years. Dividends distributed from income that already bore the 10% dividend tax are not taxed again at the shareholder level.
withholding
Rate: 10.0%
Standard rate on dividends from Panama-source income
withholding
Rate: 5.0%
Reduced rate on dividends paid from foreign-source income
withholding
Rate: 10.0%
Complementary tax on undistributed earnings (surtax) if less than 40% of net profits are distributed within applicable period
Tax Treaties Notes:
Panama is a pure Territorial Tax jurisdiction. Income earned outside Panama is 0% taxed regardless of residency status. While Panama has no income tax treaty with the US, it is a Pure Territorial Tax jurisdiction. Foreign-sourced income is not taxed. For US citizens, the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) and Foreign Tax Credits (FTC) still apply to your US filings, but Panama will not take a cut of your remote earnings. [Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury]
Retiree Tax Benefits:
Panama's Pensionado Program offers 25% off utility bills, 50% off movie/concert tickets, 25% off domestic flights, and 20% off medical consultations.[9] US citizens still comply with US global income obligations but pay 0% to Panama on their US Social Security or 401k distributions.
Cost Savings vs. U.S.:
Expat households typically save 40-60% compared to major US metros. Private healthcare is approximately 70% cheaper than out-of-pocket US costs, and property taxes are significantly lower due to the $120,000 'Vivienda Principal' exemption.
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My Expat Taxes →☀️ Climate & Environment
Climate Zones:
Our proprietary index measuring annual average PM2.5 concentration. Lower is better (0-5 is good).
Our proprietary index for drinking water quality and sanitation. Higher is better.
Seasonal Variations:
Panama has a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity year-round. The rainy season extends from May to December, while the dry season lasts from January to April. Rainfall is more abundant on the Caribbean side.
😊 Quality of Life
Cultural Amenities:
Museums & Cultural Institutions
Panama is home to several museums, including the Panama Canal Museum in Panama City, showcasing the history of the canal.
The Museo Antropológico Reina Torres de Araúz in Panama City offers insights into the indigenous cultures of the region.
Performing Arts
Panama has a vibrant performing arts scene, with music, dance, and theater playing significant roles in cultural expression.
The National Theatre of Panama hosts various performances, including classical music, opera, and ballet.
Cultural Festivals
Panama celebrates numerous cultural festivals, such as Carnaval, showcasing traditional music, dance, and costumes.
The Panama Jazz Festival is an annual event attracting international and local jazz artists.
Culinary Culture
Panamanian cuisine reflects the country's diverse heritage, with influences from African, Spanish, and indigenous cultures.
Popular dishes include sancocho (chicken stew), ceviche, and arroz con pollo (rice with chicken).
🌐 Infrastructure & Connectivity
Our proprietary ranking of public transit accessibility and reliability.
Internet Reliability:
Panama offers decent internet infrastructure with improving speeds and reliability, popular among expats and remote workers.
Speed & Quality: Fixed broadband averages 35-40 Mbps with fiber expanding in urban areas. Cable & Wireless and Tigo provide main services.
Availability: Good in Panama City and major towns, variable in rural areas. Coastal expat areas generally have reliable connections.
Cost: Affordable at $25-45 monthly for decent speeds, competitive for the region.
Reliability for Remote Work: Generally reliable in urban areas and expat communities. Mobile networks provide backup. Growing remote work scene in Panama City and beach towns with increasing coworking options.
Transportation Network:
Panama's transportation infrastructure focuses on connecting the canal region with major cities and border crossings.
Roads: Pan-American Highway crosses the country, with good roads in urban areas but limited rural infrastructure.
Rail: Panama Canal Railway provides passenger service between Panama City and Colón.
Domestic Travel: Domestic flights serve remote areas and islands, with bus services connecting major destinations.
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Veepn →Frequently Asked Questions about Panama
Click any question to expand the answer.
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