Bayan Hot, China

With a population of 349,953, Bayan Hot is a sizable city, but the harsh climate and remote location make it a tough sell for most expats. The long, bitter winters and intense temperature swings are a constant headache, while the rural setting means navigating bureaucratic hoops is an unavoidable hassle. Still, the vibrant Mongolian culture and scenic grasslands may appeal to the adventurous few willing to tough it out.