Benxi, China

With a population of over 1.3 million, Benxi is a sprawling industrial center in northeastern China. The city's economy revolves around steel production and coal mining, which have taken a significant toll on the environment. Air pollution is a persistent headache, and the winters are long, cold and dry. However, the region boasts stunning natural beauty, including the Benxi Water Cave National Park and Wunü Mountain National Park. At the same time, the city grapples with heavy bureaucracy - the local government oversees 25 counties, 40 towns and villages, and hundreds of communities. Overall, Benxi is best suited for those seeking affordable living and access to the great outdoors, rather than a cosmopolitan urban experience.