Smolensk, Russia

Capital City

With a population of just 310,460, Smolensk is a sleepy Russian backwater far from the glitz of Moscow. While the city's medieval architecture is undeniably picturesque, the harsh climate - characterized by long, frigid winters - and persistent bureaucratic headaches make it a poor choice for all but the most dedicated history buffs. The city's violent past, which saw it repeatedly change hands between Lithuania, Poland, and Russia, has left it scarred, with over 93% of the urban center destroyed during World War II. For those undaunted by Smolensk's challenges, it may offer a glimpse into Russia's turbulent past, but it is hardly a destination for the casual traveler.