Punta Arenas, Chile

Capital City

With a population of just 123,403, Punta Arenas is the largest city south of the 46th parallel and a gateway to Antarctica, but its remote location and harsh climate make it a challenging place to call home. The city's origins as a penal colony are still felt today in its persistent bureaucracy, while residents must contend with near-constant high winds and some of the lowest temperatures in Latin America. While Punta Arenas has its charms for adventurous types, its geographical isolation and demanding environment mean it's not for the faint of heart.