Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Capital City

Forget the romantic Silk Road allure - Samarkand's 551,700 residents face a persistent headache from bureaucracy and a harsh climate. While the city boasts stunning architecture, including the iconic Registan square, its scorching summers and bitter winters can be a challenge. And for all its history, navigating the government's tight grip on language and demographics is no easy task. This ancient oasis is best suited for those with a strong stomach and a deep appreciation for Central Asian culture.