Bukhara, Uzbekistan

Capital City

With a population of just over 223,000, Bukhara is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan. While its historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the modern city presents a mixed bag for prospective residents. The heavy use of agrochemicals and lack of water treatment have caused significant health and environmental problems. Bureaucracy is also a persistent headache, as the city grapples with its Soviet legacy. However, Bukhara's rich cultural heritage and status as a former center of learning make it an enticing option for those drawn to its storied past. Overall, this ancient Silk Road oasis may appeal most to history buffs and devout Muslims seeking to immerse themselves in Central Asian tradition.