Seixal, Portugal

With a population of 166,507, Seixal is a sprawling industrial hub across the Tagus River from Lisbon. The city's privileged location and river access have fostered centuries of shipbuilding and manufacturing, but this growth has also transformed Seixal from a rural outpost into a densely populated urban area. Bureaucracy is a persistent headache, with the municipal planning authority overseeing over 700 hectares of industrial zones. However, Seixal's ample green spaces and waterfront make it an appealing option for those seeking an affordable alternative to Lisbon.