Zakho, Iraq

This Kurdish city of 197,000 people has seen an explosion of growth, but the reality on the ground is far from idyllic. Zakho was once a sleepy trading hub, but an influx of displaced Kurds fleeing conflict has strained resources and led to a persistent bureaucratic headache. The climate is unforgiving, with scorching summers and frigid winters. And the city's strategic location near the Turkish border has made it a target, with violence flaring up periodically - most notably the deadly 1995 bombing. For those undeterred by the challenges, Zakho offers job opportunities and a unique blend of cultures. But prospective residents should steel themselves for a tough adjustment.