Wayao, China

With a population of just 37,080, Wayao is about as far off the beaten path as you can get in China. The Xiaowa Formation that dominates the local geology may be rich in fossils, but the area's remoteness and lack of modern infrastructure make it a tough sell for all but the most adventurous expats. Bureaucracy is a persistent headache, with layers of red tape surrounding even basic tasks. And while the unique Guanling biota is a boon for paleontologists, the region's rugged terrain and underdeveloped transportation links can be a real hindrance for day-to-day living. Wayao is the kind of place that will appeal only to the most intrepid souls seeking a true frontier experience.