Maizhokunggar, China

The population is just shy of 50,000, and the average elevation sits at over 13,000 feet - life in this remote Tibetan county is not for the faint of heart. Agriculture and herding are the main livelihoods, with mining also playing a significant role in the economy, though this has come at an environmental cost. Bureaucracy is a persistent headache, with the authorities reported to have suppressed local protests against mining. For those undaunted by the harsh climate and rugged terrain, Maizhokunggar may hold appeal, but it's hardly a destination for the casual expat.