Oruro, Bolivia

Capital City

At 12,169 feet above sea level, Oruro's frigid climate is a reality check for anyone considering a move here. With a population of 264,683, it's Bolivia's fifth-largest city, but its economy has swung wildly between boom and bust due to its reliance on mining. Bureaucracy is a persistent headache, as evidenced by the drawn-out efforts to officially recognize the city's founding in the early 19th century. Still, Oruro attracts tourists eager to experience its renowned Carnival and its rich cultural heritage - but only the hardiest of souls need apply.